Dear respected Shaykh, assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh. When a menstruating woman becomes pure during the time of a prayer, does she also perform the prayer that came before it if they are normally combined? If she were to become pure during the `Asr Prayer, would she also perform the Dhuhr Prayer? إذا طهرت الحائض في وقت صلاة هل تقتضي ما يجمع معها؟

Praise be to Allah, and may Allah’s peace and blessings be upon the Messenger of Allah, his family and his companions.

Wa alaikum assalam wa rahmatullahi wa barakatuh.

As to what follows:

In response to your question, we say, and with Allah Almighty lies all success:

There is no difference among the scholars that if a menstruating woman becomes pure before the expiry time of a prayer, then she must perform the prayer whose time she became pure in. There is a difference among them, however, in regards to the fixed time that she reaches in which the prayer becomes obligatory upon her. Hanbali and Shafi`i jurists opine that if she were to reach the time in proportion to that of takbiratul-ihram (the initial saying of “Allahu Akbar” to begin the prayer), then it is obligatory upon her to pray. Maliki jurists opine that it is obligatory upon her to make up the prayer if she reaches the time in proportion to that of one unit of prayer.

They also differed with regards to the obligation of making up what can be combined with it from other prayers. For example, if she were to become pure during the `Asr Prayer, is it required of her to make up the Dhuhr Prayer? There are two scholarly opinions. The majority of scholars from the Salaf and those after them from the jurists of the Madh'habs opined that it is obligatory upon her to pray the Dhuhr Prayer and the `Asr Prayer. 

Hasan Basri opined that there is no prayer obligatory upon her except for the one in whose time she became pure in. This is also the opinion of Thawri and the Hanafi Madh'hab. This opinion is stronger with respect to the reasoning behind it, because the prayer of the first prayer expired during her legislatively excused state, so it is not obligatory upon her. However, to be on the safe side, she should pray both prayers if she were to become pure during the time of the latter prayer. This has been related by a group of Companions, which include `Abdul-Rahman bin `Awf and Ibn `Abbas (may Allah be pleased with them). And Allah knows best.

Your brother,

Dr. Khalid al-Muslih

19 / 9 / 1427 AH

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They also sought evidence from the hadith narrated by Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) said, “Two Eids have coincided on this day of yours. So whoever wants, it (the Eid Prayer) will suffice him, and he will not have to pray the Friday Prayer, but we will pray the Friday Prayer.” [Abu Dawud (1073) and Ibn Majah (1311)]

This hadith is not free from criticism, but it is strengthened by the previous narration. And Allah knows best. 

Your brother,

Dr. Khalid al-Muslih

29 / 9 / 1428 AH